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most promising cancer therapy RF-Capacitive Hyperthermia

Introduction

RF-Capacitive Hyperthermia is one of the most promising new multidisciplinary approaches to cancer therapy. The rationale for raising temperature in tumor tissue is based on a direct cell-killing effect at

temperatures above 41-42°C and a synergistic interaction between heat and radiation as well as various antineoplastic agents. The thermal dose-response depends also on microenvironmental factors such as pH, and pO2 in the tumor tissue.

Depending on the physical characteristics of the energy field applied, also other mechanisms of tumor destruction or growth retardation may be relevant. Tissue-specific electromagnetic interactions may be possible, depending on frequency and applicator technique used, due to inhomogeneities in the relative dielectric permittivity, relative magnetic permeability, specific conductivity, and ion distribution in cancer tissue compared to normal tissue.

The effects of hyperthermia on the host and cancer tissue are pleiotropic and depend mainly on the temperature and the physical techniques applied. The biological and molecular mechanisms of these effects are changes in the membrane, the cytoskeleton, the ion-gradient and membrane potential, synthesis of macromolecules and DNA-replication, intra- and extracellular pH (acidosis) and decrease in intracellular ATP. Genes can be up-regulated or down-regulated by heat, for example the heat-shock proteins (HSP). Synergistic effects by interactions with antineoplastic agents, radiation and heat can be several powers of ten even at moderate temperatures. In addition, reduced chemotherapy resistancy, possibly due to increased tissue penetration, increased membrane permeability, and activated metabolism, has been observed.

Immunological effects of hyperthermia may play an additional role in cancer therapy such as immunological effects on cellular effector cells (emigration, migration and activation), induction of cytokines, chemokines and heat shock proteins (chaperones), and modulation of cell adhesion molecules. The induction of heat-shock proteins might increase specific immune responses to cancer cells.

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